Which statement about HDL and ASCVD risk is correct?

HDL is inversely associated with ASCVD risk in both men and women, with stronger predictive value in women.

HDL cholesterol levels are inversely related to ASCVD risk in observational data, and this relationship is seen in both men and women, with the association often stronger in women. This means higher HDL-C is linked to lower risk across sexes, and the predictive value tends to be more pronounced for women, potentially due to hormonal influences and differences in HDL particle function. It’s important to recognize this is an association used for risk assessment, not a guaranteed causal target—raising HDL-C pharmacologically hasn’t consistently reduced events. The other statements don’t fit because there is indeed an inverse relationship, it’s not limited to men, and it’s not a positive association.

HDL is inversely associated with ASCVD risk in men only.

HDL has no relationship with ASCVD risk.

HDL is positively associated with ASCVD risk.

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